  Linux DPT Hardware RAID HOWTO
  Ram Samudrala (me@ram.org)
  v1.4, 9 April 1999
    hisai@din.or.jp
  27 Jul 1999

  Linux Ńn[hEGA RAID ZbgAbv@
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. _
  2. T|[gĂRg[
     2.1 DPT ̃Rg[
     2.2 ICP  vortex Rg[

  3. ǂ̃n[hEGAgׂH
     3.1 Rg[ ^Cv
     3.2 RAID fBXNgݍ݃^Cv

  4. CXg[
     4.1 CXg[ƃn[hEGA̐ݒ
     4.2 J[l̍\z
     4.3 u[g̃bZ[W

  5. g
     5.1 fdisk, mke2fs, mount, etc.
     5.2 zbgXbv
     5.3 ptH[}X

  6. EATA DMA hCő@\
  7. guV[eBO
     7.1 u[g SCSI zXgFȂ
     7.2 ۂ̃fBXŇ RAID ̐ݒ肪Ȃ
     7.3 tH[}bg̍ŒɃ}V̓Rg[_EĂ܂
     7.4 ܂グł...

  8. Ql
  9. ӎ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  _

  ̃hLǵASCSI n[hEGA RAID(Redundant Array of
  Inexpensive(Independent) Disks) ̃ZbgAbv܂B DPT 
  ĂAzXgɓ^CṽA_v^ɏœ_𓖂ĂĐ܂
  A{IȌ́ÃVXeɂĂ͂܂Ǝv܂B

  󒐁FRAID Ƃt͂߂ēoꂵ́ARedundant Array of
  Inexpensive Disks Ƃ\łAŋ߂ Redundant Array of
  Independent Disks ƕ\ꍇ܂B

  ꂩeɂẮA̐ӔCɂėpĂB
  ̃hLgǂōsƑSĂɂāAؐӔC͎Ă܂B
  ŐVł͂ɂ܂B
  http://www.ram.org/computing/linux/dpt_raid.html.

  ̃hLg̑ÓALinux łɉғĂ邱ƂłB
  ܂@ DPT  Smartcache IV PM2144UW  PM3334UW Rg
  [ DPT(SmartRAID tower)AWetex  A_v^gݍ݃^Cv RAID
  łB̃VXeݒ肵Ƃ͂܂̂ŁAȂ̃VXe
  ̐ݒƂ͈قȂꍇ邱ƂmB
  2.  T|[gĂRg[

  ̂ƂAzXgɓ^Cṽn[hEGA RAID Rg[̓
  ŃT|[gǂ̂(Linux ̃hCo)́ADPT
  <http://www.dpt.com>̐iłB񑼂̃[Jɂ Linux œ삷
  ƎvzXgɓ^CvAʏ SCSI J[h ƃP[uŐ
  ^Cv(ȉ SCSI-SCSI ^Cv)̃n[hEGA RAID Rg[
  ܂B Syred <http://www.syred.com>A ICP-Vortex <http://www.icp-
  vortex.com>,  BusLogic <http://www.mylex.com>Ȃǂɓ
  B̑ɂ SCSI-SCSI ^CṽRg[͂܂̂ŁA
  ڍׂ́A RAID solutions for Linux page
  <http://linas.org/linux/raid.html> ĂB

  ÃRg[T|[gꂽAł邾̃hLg
  fĂłB̃hLgɕKvƎv悤ȏ
  ΁AБĂB

  2.1.  DPT ̃Rg[

  ̂Ƃ낱̃hLǵADPT ̐i𒆐SɐĂ܂B
  SmartRAID IV V[ỸRg[͑SăT|[gĂ܂B

  2.2.  ICP  vortex Rg[

  ICP  vortex ́At CibṽfBXNEACERg[V
  [YłBICP ̃hCóAJ[l 2.0.31 T|[gĂ
  BW[ȃfBXgr[Vł S.u.S.e.ALST Power
  LinuxACaldera  Red Hat ł OS ̃CXg[̎ɔF
  BRAID VXéA ROMSETUP ŊȒPɐݒł܂(ݒ̂߂ MS-
  DOS Ńu[gKv͂܂I)B

  Ďc[ GDTMON g΁AVXeғłǗ\ɂȂ܂
  (][g̃`FbNARg[n[hEfBXÑp^̐
  AQn[hEfBXŇȂ)B݁A\z\ȍ\
  ́A

  o  SCSI `l 1  2  wide  ultra SCSI Rg
     [gp RAID 0  RAID 1 ̑gARAID 1A2A3  RAID
     5̑gB

  o  wide  ultra SCSI Rg[ gp RAID 0A1A4A5 
     RAID 10̑gB

  o  SCSI `l 1  2 `l wide  ultra2 
     LVDS SCSI Rg[gp RAID 0  RAID 1̑gARAID
     1A2A3  RAID 5 ̑gB

  o  wide  ultra2  LVDS SCSI Rg[gp RAID 0A
     1A4A5  RAID 10 ̑gB

  o  t@Co[E`l 1  2 |[g̃t@Co[E`l
     Rg[gp RAID 0A1A4A5  RAID 10 ̑gB

  ܂Ȃ 64 rbg̃Rg[pł悤ɂȂ\łB

  

  o  RAID 10FXgCsOƃ~[Os܂B

  o  LVDSFLow Voltage Differential Signalling ̗́B]x 80
     MB/sec ܂ŉ\ŁAP[u 12m ܂ŐL΂܂B

  o  ݁A64 rbg PCI t@Co[E`l Rg[ Linux (J[
     l 2.0.36  2.2.0(pre7)) ŗp\ɂȂ܂Bڂ́A
     <http://www.icp-vortex.com> QƂĂB
  3.  ǂ̃n[hEGAgׂH

  3.1.  Rg[ ^Cv

  Lɏグp\ȑg̒ARAID \zƍlĂ
  AۂɕKvȂ̂悭lKv܂BRAID ɉ߂
  ɂāAǂ RAID xKv܂܂B̏ɂēK
  ȃJ[hłƎv܂BSCSI-SCSI ^CṽA_v^̓zXgɓ
  ^Cv̂̂ptH[}X邩܂BႦ΁A DPT
  comparison between host-based and SCSI-to-SCSI adapters
  <http://www.dpt.com/hstvscsi.htm>Ă݂ƁA̗RĂ
  B
  EATA-DMA hCo Michael Neuffer 
  (neuffer@kralle.zdv.uni-mainz.de)͂̌ɂĂ̂킩₷
  ނ Web ɍڂĂ܂B Linux High Performance SCSI and RAID page
  <http://www.uni-mainz.de/~neuffer/scsi/>B

  3.2.  RAID fBXNgݍ݃^Cv

  RAID fBXNgݍ݃^Cv͂ւDĂ܂BhCũzbgE
  XbvA[jOEVXe(Ⴆ΁Ȁ᎞̕\Aǂ̃h
  CȕႵm邱ƂłAȂ)ăhCȕԊĎ(\
  ̗pudȕ)\łBX DPT   18GB
  RAID 5 VXegpĂ܂Aւ񍂉łB Wetex 
  ̂̂gpĂA (http://www.wetex.com/) DPT ƓXybNŁA
  i 悻 1/4 łB Wetex ̃VXéA14 ̃xC
  A2  RAID 5 ACgł܂Beʂ͂ꂼ 45 GB  63 GB
  łB

  4.  CXg[

  4.1.  CXg[ƃn[hEGA̐ݒ

  J[hhCũCXg[͉QƂčsĂBDPT 
  ܂ Linix p̃Xg[WE}l[WȂ̂ŁAVXeĂ
  MS-DOS ŃtH[}bgς݂̃tbs[EfBXNKvɂȂ܂(MS-DOS
  ̃R}hC "format /s" Ƃƍ܂)B܂ADPT  MS-DOS
  pXg[WE}l[WKvɂȂ܂BŜ߁AIWiEfB
  XNRs[쐬ĂB

  n[hEGAݒuADOS ̃VXeEfBXNgău[gĂ
  Bu[gXg[WE}l[W̓ĂfBXNɌ
  āAL̃R}hgėグĂB

       a:\ dptmgr

  ΂炭ƁAe؂ȃj[ʂłĂ܂BfBXNn[hEGA
  RAID (VOEWJEAC)ƂĐݒ肵܂傤B

  MS-DOS ̃Xg[WE}l[W̓}EXŊȒPɈ悤ɂȂĂ
  ̂ŁA}EXEhCoVXeEfBXNɓĂƗǂƎv
  B

  ZpIɂ SCO ̃Xg[WE}l[W Linux œƂł
  ͂łAgǔɂȂ邩܂BLinux  MS-DOS ̃X
  g[WE}l[W𓮂ȒPłB

  4.2.  J[l̍\z

  J[l̍\zsꍇASCSI ̃T|[g ̃}VŎgpĂ
  [xȃhCoݒ肷Kv܂B Kernel HOWTO
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html> ΃J[l
  ̃RpC̕@ڂĂ܂B SCSI support  "yes" ɂāAlow
  level drivers ̃ZNVłgpĂhCoIł
  (EATA DMA  EATA ISA/EISA/PCI  EATA DMA vgRɏ DPT
  ̃J[hłB EATA PIO ́ADPT ̂ƂĂÂJ[hł PM2001 
  PM2012Apł)B EATA DMA  EATA ISA/EISA/PCI ܂ނẴhC
  o͍ŋ߂̃J[lł̓T|[gĂ͂łB

  ݒIāAJ[lRpCɃu[gƁAhC
  o RAID P̂ SCSI fBXNƔFĂ̂킩͂łB
  RAID 5 őgłȂAۂɎgfBXNeʂ 2/3 قǂɂȂĂ
  ͂łB

  4.3.  u[g̃bZ[W

  EATA DMA hCogĂ΁Au[g̃bZ[Ŵ͎悤ɂȂ
  Ă͂łB

       EATA (Extended Attachment) driver version: 2.59b
       developed in co-operation with DPT
       (c) 1993-96 Michael Neuffer, mike@i-Connect.Net
       Registered HBAs:
       HBA no. Boardtype    Revis  EATA Bus  BaseIO IRQ DMA Ch ID Pr QS  S/G IS
       scsi0 : PM2144UW     v07L.Y 2.0c PCI  0xef90  11 BMST 1  7  N  64 252 Y
       scsi0 : EATA (Extended Attachment) HBA driver
       scsi : 1 host.
         Vendor: DPT       Model: RAID-5            Rev: 07LY
         Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
       Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 8, lun 0
       scsi0: queue depth for target 8 on channel 0 set to 64
       scsi : detected 1 SCSI disk total.
       SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 35591040 [17378 MB] [17.4 GB]

  (̕\̃VXe\́A1  DPT SCSI Rg[ƁA3  9 GB
  ̃fBXN RAID 5 gł܂)B

  EATA ISA/EISA/PCI hCoŃu[gƁÂ悤ȃbZ[Wł
  łB

  aic7xxx: <Adaptec AHA-294X SCSI host adapter> at PCI 15
  aic7xxx: BIOS enabled, IO Port 0x7000, IO Mem 0x3100000, IRQ 15, Revision B
  aic7xxx: Single Channel, SCSI ID 7, 16/16 SCBs, QFull 16, QMask 0x1f
  EATA0: address 0x7010 in use, skipping probe.
  EATA0: 2.0C, PCI 0x7410, IRQ 11, BMST, SG 252, MB 64, tc:y, lc:y, mq:62.
  EATA0: wide SCSI support enabled, max_id 16, max_lun 8.
  EATA0: SCSI channel 0 enabled, host target ID 6.
  EATA/DMA 2.0x: Copyright (C) 1994-1997 Dario Ballabio.
  scsi0 : Adaptec AHA274x/284x/294x (EISA/VLB/PCI-Fast SCSI) 4.1.1/3.2.1
  scsi1 : EATA/DMA 2.0x rev. 3.11.00
  scsi : 2 hosts.
  scsi0: Scanning channel A for devices.
    Vendor: IBM OEM   Model: DFHSS2F           Rev: 1818
    Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
  Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
    Vendor: SEAGATE   Model: ST41650       TX  Rev: DG01
    Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
  Detected scsi disk sdb at scsi1, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
    Vendor: TEAC      Model: FC-1     GF   00  Rev: RV L
    Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 01 CCS
  Detected scsi removable disk sdc at scsi1, channel 0, id 3, lun 0
    Vendor: SONY      Model: CD-ROM CDU-541    Rev: 2.6a
    Type:   CD-ROM                             ANSI SCSI revision: 02
  Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi1, channel 0, id 5, lun 0
  EATA0: scsi1, channel 0, id 0, lun 0, cmds/lun 21, sorted, tagged.
  EATA0: scsi1, channel 0, id 3, lun 0, cmds/lun 21, sorted.
  EATA0: scsi1, channel 0, id 5, lun 0, cmds/lun 21, sorted.
  scsi : detected 1 SCSI cdrom 3 SCSI disks total.
  SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 4404489 [2150 MB] [2.2 GB]
  SCSI device sdb: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 2779518 [1357 MB] [1.4 GB]
  SCSI device sdc: hdwr sector= 256 bytes. Sectors= 4160 [1 MB] [0.0 GB]

  (̕\̃VXe\́A2  SCSI Rg[ADPT  PM3224W
   Adaptec  AHA2940 gĂ܂)B

  5.  g

  5.1.  fdisk, mke2fs, mount, etc.

   RAID 𕁒ʂ̃fBXNƓ悤ɈƂł܂Bɂ܂
  Ȃ΂ȂȂƂ́Ap[eBV邱Ƃł(fdisk g
  )Bext2 t@CVXeݒ肷Kv܂B̃R}h𑖂
  ĂB

       % mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sdxN

  /dev/sdxN  SCSI ̃p[eBV̖OłBŃp[eBV}
  EgāÃfBXNƓ悤Ɏg悤ɂȂ܂ (/etc/fstab
  ɃGgǉ܂傤)B

  5.2.  zbgXbv

  ͂߂ɉX́AhCu 1 oāA܂߂ƂA
  zbgXbṽeXgADPT   gݍ݃^Cv RAID ŎĂ݂
  ( RAID ͍ł)BƃhCuSɔOɁAfBXN
  ̏ႵԂɂȂ܂(̎AxŋCɂȂ܂
  )BfBXN̏Ⴕɂ炸ARAID ̑SẴf[^ɃANZX
  ܂B
  ꂽfBXNӂāAhCu߂Ă݂܂Bh
  Cu̓rhāAS OK ̂悤łBfBXN܂āAr
  hĂԁASẴf[^ɃANZXł܂Bő̃fBX
  N̏ႵĂAƂłȂԂɂȂĂAƂƂڂ
  ĂB

  5.3.  ptH[}X

  x`}[N\tg Bonnie Ōvʂɂ܂B@́A
  2144 UW  9x3=17 GB ̃fBXN RAID 5 ō\AEATA DMA hCo
  gpĂ܂BRAID p̃}V́AfA Pentium Pro ڂA
  Linux 2.0.33 ̂Ă܂BrƂāA}V IDE hCu
  Bonnie ̌ʂ̂Ă܂B

                  -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input--  --Random--
                  -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block---  --Seeks---
               MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU   /sec  %CPU
       RAID   100  9210 96.8  1613  5.9   717  5.8  3797 36.1 90931 96.8 4648.2 159.2
       IDE    100  3277 32.0  6325 23.5  2627 18.3  4818 44.8 59697 88.0  575.9  16.3

  ĽvʂɈ٘_܂(ԈႢȂ̌ʂȂ̂ł
  ...BX̃}V͎ғԂɂ̂ŁAxv邱Ƃ
  ł܂)BŔAeXgɎgpt@C̑傫߁A
  fBXNELbVɓĂ܂ȂAƂƂł(
  ȂƁAʂł͂肦ȂAf炵ptH[}XłĂ܂
  )B 3344 UW Rg[pʂłB

               -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random--
               -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks---
            MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU  /sec %CPU
          1000  1714 17.2  1689  6.0  1200  5.7  5263 40.2  7023 12.1  51.3 2.2

  ǂ́AzXg^Cv RAID VXěvʂłB

            -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random--
            -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks---
       MB   K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU
       64   7465 100.0 70287 98.7 37012 97.7 8074 99.2 *****100.3 ***** 196.6
       128  7289 99.3  67595 98.5 35294 98.6 7792 97.6 *****100.3 ***** 195.8
       256  7222 98.8  44844 69.6 16096 51.8 5787 72.7 ***** 99.8 ***** 85.2
       512  7138 98.4  13871 23.2 7888  29.3 7183 89.3 16488 27.2 1585. 11.5
       1024 6908 95.8  12270 21.5 7161  25.4 7373 90.4 16527 28.2 123.8 1.8
       2047 6081 84.1  12664 22.6 7191  25.6 7289 89.5 16573 28.5 75.0  1.2

  ***** ͌̕ʕ\̘gzĂ܂̂ł(> 100 MB/sec, >
  10000 seeks/sec)

  zXg:   fA PII 400 MHz, 2 x U2W, 512 MB RAM, fBXNȂ
  RAID:   IFT 3102 UA 128 MB LbV, RAID-5, 6 x 9 GB OS:     SuSE
  Linux 6.0(J[l 2.2.3)

  6.  EATA DMA hCő@\

  ̃ZNVł́ALinux  RAID ̐ݒ`FbNłR}ĥ
  Љ܂Beata_dma hCoQƂłȂÃhCo
  `FbNɂ̕@g܂B

  hCo̐ݒmFꍇÂ悤ɓ͂ĂB

       % cat /proc/scsi/eata_dma/N

  N ̓Rg[zXg ID łB̂悤ȌʂɂȂ͂łB

       EATA (Extended Attachment) driver version: 2.59b
       queued commands:         353969
       processed interrupts:    353969

       scsi0 : HBA PM2144UW
       Firmware revision: v07L.Y
       Hardware Configuration:
       IRQ: 11, level triggered
       DMA: BUSMASTER
       CPU: MC68020 20MHz
       Base IO : 0xef90
       Host Bus: PCI
       SCSI Bus: WIDE Speed: 10MB/sec.
       SCSI channel expansion Module: not present
       SmartRAID hardware: present.
           Type: integrated
           Max array groups:              7
           Max drives per RAID 0 array:   7
           Max drives per RAID 3/5 array: 7
       Cache Module: present.

      Type: 0
      Bank0: 16MB without ECC
      Bank1: 0MB without ECC
      Bank2: 0MB without ECC
      Bank3: 0MB without ECC
  Timer Mod.: present
  NVRAM     : present
  SmartROM  : enabled
  Alarm     : on
  Host<->Disk command statistics:
           Reads:      Writes:
      1k:           0            0
      2k:           0            0
      4k:           0            0
      8k:           0            0
     16k:           0            0
     32k:           0            0
     64k:           0            0
    128k:           0            0
    256k:           0            0
    512k:           0            0
   1024k:           0            0
  >1024k:           0            0
  Sum   :           0            0

  ɏڂԂ݂ȂÂ悤ɓ͂ĂB

       % echo "eata_dma latency" > /proc/scsi/eata_dma/N

  sAɁA

       % cat /proc/scsi/eata_dma/N

  łƏڂԂ킩܂B

  ̋@\~ȂA

       % echo "eata_dma nolatency" > /proc/scsi/eata_dma/N

  Ɠ͂ĂB

  7.  guV[eBO

  7.1.  u[g SCSI zXgFȂ

  l܂A炭J[l̃hCo̐ݒ肪Ԉ
  Ă̂ł͂Ȃł傤BK؂ȃhCo(EATA-DMA  EATA
  ISA/EISA/PCI hCo͂Ă DPT ̃J[hɎg܂)ݒ肳
  Ă邩AmFĂB

  7.2.  ۂ̃fBXŇ RAID ̐ݒ肪Ȃ

  RAID ̐ݒ肪܂Ă܂BDPT ̃Xg[WE}l[Wg
  ĂȂARAID  1 ̘_ACƂĐݒ肷Kv
  BEATA-DMA hCo Michael Neuffer
  (neuffer@kralle.zdv.uni-mainz.de)͎̂悤ɏqׂĂ܂BuRg
  [̐ݒ鎞AXg[WE}l[W /FW0 tŋNĂ
  BāAOS ̑I Solaris ɂĂBŃAC̓Rg
  [ɂĊǗݒɂȂł傤v

  7.3.  tH[}bg̍ŒɃ}V̓Rg[_EĂ܂

  DPT ̃}jAɂ΁A͂Ă͂ȂƂ 1 łB
  ƂsƃfBXN𐻑̏Ԃɖ߂ƂɂȂ܂ADPT ̃Xg
  [WE}l[Wł̓tH[}bg邱Ƃł܂BA[
  xEtH[}bǵADPT  Web ̃[eBeB̃y[W
  (http://www.dpt.com/techsup/sr4utils.htm).ŗpӂĂ clfmt g
  čsƂł܂Bclfmt.zip  unzip ĂAgp@(gp
  @ł)ĂǂłB[xEtH[}bg
  s΁AVfBXNƂĈ܂B̃vÓAꂮ
  ӂĎgpĂI

  7.4.  ܂グł...

  SCSI-HOWTO xǂłBP[u̐ڑƏI[̂
  `FbNĂB̃}VŎĂ݂ĂBSCSI @̖
  ňԑ̂́An[hEGǍ̏ƊԈݒłBł߂
  A֘Aj[XEO[vɓeAɓdq[B
  ł邾v]ɓ悤ɂƎv܂B

  󒐁F҂̕Ɏ₳ꍇ́AKpł肢v܂B

  8.  Ql

  L̃hLǵARAID ݒ肷ۂɂւɂ܂B

  o  DPT Technology Library <http://www.dpt.com/library.htm>

  o  EATA-DMA homepage <http://www.uni-
     mainz.de/~neuffer/scsi/dpt/index.html>

  o  Linux Disk HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Disk-HOWTO.html>

  o  Linux Kernel HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-
     HOWTO.html>

  o  Linux SCSI HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/SCSI-HOWTO.html>

  o  Multi Disk System Tuning HOWTO
     <http://www.nyx.net/~sgjoen/disk.html>

  o  RAID Solutions for Linux <http://linas.org/linux/raid.html>

  9.  ӎ

  ̃hLgグɂāAL̕X̂bɂȂ܂
  B

  o  Andreas Koepf (A_Koepf@icp-vortex.com)

  o  Boris Fain (fain@zen.stanford.edu)

  o  Dario Ballabio (Dario_Ballabio@milano.europe.dg.com)

  o  Heiko Rommel (Heiko.Rommel@Uni-Bielefeld.DE)

  o  Jos Vos (jos@xos.nl)

  o  Michael Neuffer (neuffer@kralle.zdv.uni-mainz.de)

  o  Ralph Wallace (rwallace@rwallace.interaccess.com)

  o  Russell Brown (russell@lutton.lls.com)

  o  Syunsuke Ogata (Syunsuke_Ogata@appear.ne.jp)

  o  Tom Brown (tbrown@baremetal.com)

